Die Beweglichkeit ist eine der motorischen Grundeigenschaften zu denen auch die Ausdauer, die Kraft und die Schnelligkeit zählt.
Die Beweglichkeit eines Gelenks ist die Fähigkeit eine Bewegung mit einer großen bzw. optimalen Schwingungsweite auszuführen. Hierbei unterscheidet man zwischen der allgemeinen und der sportartspezifischen Beweglichkeit.
Eine gute Beweglichkeit ist von verschiedenen Parametern abhängig:
– das Zusammenspiel der elastischen Eigenschaften von Muskeln, Sehen und
Bändern
– von der zu Verfügung stehenden Kraft um den anatomisch gegeben
Bewegungsspielraum des Gelenks voll auszuschöpfen
– von der inter- und intramuskulären Koordination
Außerdem unterscheidet man zwischen einer aktiven und einer passiven Beweglichkeit.
Unter einer aktiven Beweglichkeit versteht man die Schwingungs- oder Bewegungsweite, die ein Sportler allein durch seine Muskelanspannung erreichen kann. Bei der passiven Beweglichkeit ist eine Bewegungsweite gemeint, die der Sportler erst durch Einsatz seines Körpergewichts, durch Krafteinwirkung von außen oder durch eine Beschleunigung erreichen kann.
Die passive Beweglichkeit ist immer größer als die aktive Beweglichkeit.
Es gibt Sportarten, die eine gute oder sogar außergewöhnliche Gesamt-Beweglichkeit fordern und auch fördern. Zu diesen gehören z.B. Ballett, Gymnastik, Turnen, Akrobatik, aber auch Yoga.
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