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Die Lendenwirbelsäule – der Dreh- und Angelpunkt

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von Denise Soommer, Dipl.-Sportwissenschaftlerin

Der untere Abschnitt der Wirbelsäule wird als Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) bezeichnet.
Beim Menschen besteht dieser aus 5 Wirbeln. Durch unsere aufrechte Gangweise wird gerade dieser Bereich stark belastet. Die Last des Rumpfes, sowie jede weitere Zusatzlast muss von diesem Gebiet der Wirbelsäule getragen werden.
Auch im Sitzen wird dieser Abschnitt der Wirbelsäule durch seine Rotationsbereitschaft bei jeder Bewegung des Oberkörpers im großen Maße beansprucht.
Die Funktion der Lendenwirbelsäule setzt sich aus verschiedenen Bewegungsebenen zusammen. Hauptsächlich finden Beuge- und Wiederaufrichtbewegungen, sowie Bewegungen zur Seite statt.
Im Normalfall hat die Lendenwirbelsäule von der Seite betrachtet eine geringe Krümmung (Lordose). Ist diese verstärkt, spricht man von einem Hohlkreuz (Hyperlordose). Flacht sich die normale Krümmung ab, entsteht ein sogenannter Flachrücken (Hypolordose). Damit dies nicht passiert, ist ein gezieltes und ausgewogenes  Training des gesamten Rumpfbereiches zur alltäglichen Belastung sinnvoll.
Aufgrund der statischen Belastung bei großer Beweglichkeit, ist die Lendenwirbelsäule äußerst verschleiß- und verletzungsanfällig.
Gerade Rückenschmerzen in diesem Bereich treten häufig und in den verschiedensten Varianten auftreten.
Ein Hexenschuss (Lumbago) in diesem Bereich wird durch eine plötzliche Reizung der Nervenwurzel oder durch eine Blockade der Wirbelgelenke ausgelöst. Dieser kann zu enormen Schmerzen und starken Bewegungseinschränkungen führen.
Unter einer Lumboischialgie versteht man den ausstrahlenden Schmerz in die Beine in Verbindung mit Rückenschmerzen. Von einer Ischialgie spricht man dann, wenn der Schmerz ausschließlich in den Beinen wahrgenommen wird, die Ursache aber im Wirbelsäulenbereich liegt.
Auch ein Bandscheibenvorfall in dieser Region ist ein häufiges Beschwerdebild.

Gezielte Trainingseinheiten in Form von Wirbelsäulengymnastik,  ein ausgewogenes Training der gesamten Rumpfmuskulatur oder auch Schwimmeinheiten, sowie angepasste ergonomische Verhältnisse am Arbeitsplatz entlasten und (unter-)stützen die Wirbelsäule in ihrer täglichen Belastung.

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