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Halswirbelsäulensyndrom

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von Denise Sommer, Dipl.-Sportwissenschaftlerin

Zervikalsyndrom oder Halswirbelsäulensyndrom steht als Sammelbegriff für Beschwerden des Hals-Nackenbereiches. Zu den meist üblichen Beschwerdebildern zählen Muskel- und Nackenschmerzen, Migräne, Sehstörungen und Schluckbeschwerden, die keineswegs nur Kopfweh und Verspannungen nach sich ziehen können. Oftmals sind diese Symptome auch Grundlage für chronischen Nackenverspannungen, Hals- und Schulterschmerzen – dabei sind Gegenmaßnahmen gar nicht so schwierig.

Nackenschmerzen sind in der Bevölkerung weit verbreitet; etwa 15 Prozent leiden darunter, wobei Frauen häufiger betroffen sind als Männer. Bei ungefähr zwei Drittel aller Menschen kommt es zumindest einmal im Leben zu diesen Beschwerden. Die Ursachen dafür sind vielfältig: Blockaden im Bereich der Wirbelsäule, mangelnde Aktivität und Fehlhaltung im Beruf und/oder beim Schlafen, Auswirkungen eines Schleudertraumas, Bandscheibenvorfälle usw. Aber auch Stress zählt zu den Hauptverursachern von Verspannungen in diesem Bereich. Unter ständigem Einfluss von Stress steigt der Muskeltonus (Muskelspannung) an und die Kopfhaltung verändert sich unphysiologisch.

Da gerade die Wirbelsäule in diesem Bereich – genauso wie im Lendenwirbelsäulenbereich – eine stark Beanspruchte Region ist und mehrere Nerven an dieser Stelle aus dem Rückenmark treten, ist dies ein Schwachpunkt und stellt eine leicht zu reizendes Gebiet dar. Die vorwiegend sitzende Lebensweise inkl. die hier eingenommenen Fehlhaltungen belasten die Halswirbelsäule im großen Maße und nahezu ständig. Wichtige Nervengeflechte und Nervenknoten des sympathischen Systems liegen in direkter Nachbarschaft und können durch Überbeanspruchung und Verspannungen in diesem Bereich auch weitreichende Einflüsse auf das Herz-Kreislaufsystem nehmen.

Was hilft also bei einer verspannten Nackenpartie oder welche Maßnahmen kann man schon zur Prävention unternehmen?
Einer der wichtigsten Grundsätze ist, z.B. seinen Arbeitsplatz so einzurichten, dass eine gerade und aufrechte Haltung und Sitzposition möglich ist. Abrupte und schnelle Bewegungen des Kopfes sollten vermieden werden. Regelmäßige Bewegungspausen sollten fester Bestandteil im Alltag werden und wenn es nur kurze Lockerungsübungen und ein Durchbewegen des gesamten Hals-Schulter-Rückenbereichs ist.
Neben diesen Grundsätzen ist eine regelmäßige Wirbelsäulengymnastik oder ein Ausgleichssportprogramm zur Kräftigung, Dehnung und Lockerung der gesamten Rückenmuskulatur ratsam. Sportarten wie Schwimmen (ausgenommen die Brustlage), Aquagymnastik, Joggen, Nordic Walking oder im Winter Skilanglauf eignen sich hervorragend. Natürlich sind auch spezielle Entspannungstechniken wie autogenes Training oder auch Muskelrelaxation nach Jacobson bestens geeignet.

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